BIOGRAFI KARL PEARSON ( 1895-1980 )
Karl Pearson lahir pada tanggal 27 Maret 1895 di London, Inggris. Ibunya yang bernama Fanny Smith dan ayahnya William Pearson keduanya berasal dari keluarga Yorkshire. Ayahnya adalah seorang pengacara yang sukses.
Karl Pearson bersama dengan kakak dan adik perempuannya dibesarkan di sebuah keluarga kelas menengah atas. Setelah dididik di rumah hingga usia sembilan tahun, Pearson dikirim ke University College School, London. Dia belajar disana hingga usia 16 tahun, tetapi ia terpaksa meninggalkan sekolah karena sakit. Jadi seorang guru didatangkan kerumah oleh orang tuanya untuk mengajar dirinya.
Pada tahun 1875 dia mengambil beasiswa pemeriksaan Cambridge. Dia lulus dari Cambridge University pada tahun 1879 sebagai ketiga penengkar dalam matematika Tripos berarti bahwa dia peringkat ketiga dar yang mendapatkan gelar kelas pertama.
Dari tahun 1884-1890 Pearson sangatlah produktif. Selain memberikan cermah tentang dinamika dan mekanika,memberi kuliah tentang etika dan Free Thought, melakukan penelitian tentang sosialisme, menerbitkan banyak jurnal tentang matematika terapan, dia juga memperjuangkan emansipasi wanita.
Ketertarikan Pearson dalam statistik analitis dimulai pada akhir tahun 1880-an setelah ia menjadi profesor matematika terapan dan mekanik di University College. Hal itu dikarenakan ada 2 peristiwa yang telah mengubah jalan karirnya. Yang pertama adalah publikasi oleh Galton dari bukunya “Warisan Alam” pada tahun 1889. Dan yang kedua adalah dari Weldon yang sebagai Profesor Zoologi d University College London pada tahun 1980.
Melalui Weldon and Galton, Pearson menjadi tertarik untuk mengembangkan metode statistik analitik. Pada tahun 1892, Pearson menerbitkan bukunya yang berjudul “Grammar of Science” menggambarkan keyakinan yang tumbuh bahwa statistik analitik terletak disemua dasar pengetahuan, karena hampir semua fenomena dapat dijelaskan oleh distribusi normal. Dia juga memperkenalkan istilah standar deviasi dan simbol α untuk yang pertama da terakhir, dan dalam makalah yang terkenal diterbitkan pada tahun 1990, dia memperkenalkan chi square. Chi squere ternyata menjadi statistik yang sangat berguna, dan sekarang menempati posisi utama dalam teori statistik.
Pada tahun 1900, Pearson menjadi salah satu pendiri Biometrika bersama Galton dan Weldon. Sebuah jurnal dikhususkan untuk mempelajari statistikadari maslah Biologis. Yang mana dengan ilmu itu diangkat sebagai ketua Laboraturium Eugenics, ia berjuang profesi medis tentang isu-isu penyebab TBC atau efek alkoholisme terhadap generasi mendatang. Dengan menggunakan analisis statistik Pearson menunjukkan bahwa TBC lebih terkait dengan keturunan factor lingkungan. Pearson mengedit jurnal sampai kematiannya dan berhasil masuk ke media terkemuka dunia untuk membahas statistika teori dan praktek. Hingga Pearson menerima gelar kehormatan dari University of St Andrews dan dar University of London. Dia juga terpilih sebagai Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Yang terpenting , mungkin, adalah kenyataannya bahwa Pearson membangkitkan dunia ilmiah dari keadaan ketidakpedulian total untuk studi statistik dan ribuan yakin disemua bidang kebutuhan untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data. Dia telah menunjukkan bahwa statistik untuk menjadi metode umum yang berlaku untuk semua ilmu.
BIOGRAFI KARL PEARSON
1. 1895 : Karl Pearson lahir
2. 1875 : Pearson mengambil beasiswa pemeriksaan di Cambridge
3. 1879 : Pearson lulus dari Cambridge University
4. 1880 : Pearson menjadi professor matematika terapan dan mekanik, juga dia mulai tertarik dengan statistik analisis.
5. 1884-1890 : Pearson sangat aktif dalam banyak hal (produktif)
6. 1892 : Pearson menerbitkan bukunya Grammar of Science
7. 1900 : Pearson menjadi pendiri Biometrika bersama Galton dan Weldon
8. 1980 : Karl Pearson wafat
BIOGRAPHY A STATISTICIAN “ KARL PEARSON “ (1895-1980)
Karl Pearson was born on March 27, 1985 in London, England. His mother named Fanny Smith and his father William Pearson were both from Yorkshire families. His father was a succesfully trial lawyer.
Karl Pearson together with his one older brother and one younger sister, were brought up in an upper midle class family. After being educated at home up to the age of nine years, Pearson’s was sent to University College School, London. He studied there until he was sixteen years, but he was then forced to leave school because of illness. So the teacher brought bome by his parents to teach himself.
In 1875, he took the Cambidge Scholarship Examinations. He graduated from Cambridge University in 1879 as Third Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos, meant that he was ranked third among those who gained a First Class Degree.
From the year 1884 – 1890 Pearson was highly productive. In addition to providing discourse on the dynamics and mechanics, gives a lectured on The Etnic of Free Throught, undertook research on Sosialisme, published many papers on applied mathematics, he was also bettled for emansipation of women.
Pearson’s interest in analitycal statistic was kindled only in the late 1880’s after he had become a professor of applied mathematics and mechanics at University College. That’s because there are two events that have changed the course of his career. The first was the publication by Galton of his book “Natural Inheritance” in 1889. And the second was the appointment of Weldon as professor Zoology at University London in 1890.
Through weldon and Galton, Pearson’s became interested in developing analitytical statistic methods. In 1892 Pearson published his book entitled “Grammar of Science” with describe the growing conviction taht analitycal statistic lies at the foundation of all knowledge, because almost all phenomena can be explained by the normal distribution. He also introduce the term standar deviasi and the symbol α for the first and last. And, in a famous paper published in 1990, he introduce chi squre. Chi Squre has turned out to be an enermously useful statistic, and it now occupies a central position in statistical theory.
In 1900, Pearson became th ecofounder of Biometrika with Galton and Weldon, a Journal divoted to the statistical study of biological problems. In with the science was appointed as chairman of the Eugenics Laboratory, he battled the medical profession about issues as the causes of Tuberculosis or the alcoholism on future generation. By using statistical analytic, Pearson showed Tuberculosis more related to heredity than environmental factors. Pearson edited journal until his death in 1980 year and made it into the world leading media to discussion of the statistical theory and practice, until he received an honorary degree from the University of St Andrews and from the University of London. And he was also selected a fellowof the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Most important, perhaps, is the fact that Pearson aroused the scientific world from a state of total indifference to statistical studied and convinenced thousands in all fields of the necessary to gather and analyze data, he showed statistics to be a general method that was applicable to all sciences.
BIOGRAPHY Karl Pearson
1. 1895 : Karl Pearson was born
2. 1875 : Pearson took the scholarship examination at Cambridge
3. 1879 : Pearson graduated from Cambridge University
4. 1880 : Pearson became professor of applied mathematics andmechanics, he also became interested in the statistical analysis.
5. 1884-1890 : Pearson is very active in many things (productive)
6. 1892 : Pearson published his Grammar of Science
7. 1900 : Pearson became the founder of Biometrika with Weldonand Galton
8. 1980 : Karl Pearson died
1. 1895 : Karl Pearson was born
2. 1875 : Pearson took the scholarship examination at Cambridge
3. 1879 : Pearson graduated from Cambridge University
4. 1880 : Pearson became professor of applied mathematics andmechanics, he also became interested in the statistical analysis.
5. 1884-1890 : Pearson is very active in many things (productive)
6. 1892 : Pearson published his Grammar of Science
7. 1900 : Pearson became the founder of Biometrika with Weldonand Galton
8. 1980 : Karl Pearson died
By : Zezen Sulistiya Riantini